Basque etymology : Query result

Proto-Basque: *e=gari ~ *e=gar̄i

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 carry, support, endure 2 use, avail oneself of 3 confirm 4 walk

Bizkaian: (arc) {eguarria} 1 ?

Low Navarrese: egari 1, (arc) egarri 1

Salazarese: egari 1

Zuberoan: egari 1, 2, 3

Roncalese: egari 1, 2, 4

Comments: This is one of the rare verbs with a variation between /r/ and /r̄/. Michelena (1961: 232 "acaso") was uncertain of the pertinence of archaic BZK {eguarria}.

Proto-Basque: *e=gi-n

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to do, make

Bizkaian: egin

Gipuzkoan: egin

High Navarrese: egin

Low Navarrese: egin

Lapurdian: egin

Zuberoan: egin

Roncalese: egin

Comments: This verb is also extensively used as an auxiliary.

Proto-Basque: *e=go-n

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 stay, remain, dwell 2 wait 3 be suited, agree 4 to be (animate) 5 to be (= Sp. estar)

Bizkaian: egon 1, 2, 3, 5

Gipuzkoan: egon 1, 2, 5

High Navarrese: egon 1, 2, 5

Low Navarrese: egon 1, 2, 4

Lapurdian: egon 1, 2, 3, 4

Zuberoan: égon 1, 2, 4

Roncalese: egon 1, 2, 4

Comments: This verb has many meanings, of which 5 appears to be the most recent and influenced by Sp. estar (Trask 1999: 292 f.).

Proto-Basque: *e=gur̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: firewood, fuel

Bizkaian: egur, eur

Gipuzkoan: egur

High Navarrese: egur

Low Navarrese: egur

Lapurdian: egur

Zuberoan: égür

Roncalese: egur

Comments: Cf. PNC *gōrV 'pole, piece of log'.

Proto-Basque: *e=her̄i / *aiher̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to find out, notice, guess, divine 2 to announce, communicate 3 propensity, inclination, penchant 4 supposition, assumption, guess 5 rancor, grudge

Bizkaian: igarri 1, iragarri 2

Gipuzkoan: igarri, igerri 1, aier-kunde 3

High Navarrese: igerri 1

Low Navarrese: aiher 3, 5, (Aldude) aiher-kunde 5

Lapurdian: aiher 3, 5

Baztanese: aier 3, aier-kunde 5

Zuberoan: áiher 3, 4, 5

Comments: The form igerri is not found in Azkue, but is cited by Michelena (1961: 69), who also connected the western verb igerri, igarri with the noun *aiher̄. There is a wide semantic range that can be distilled as 'guess, suppose' > 'supposition (of wrongdoing)' > 'grudge', etc.

Proto-Basque: *e=hu-n

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to weave 2 cloth 3 weaving (craft) 4 to braid

Bizkaian: eio 4, eun 1, 2, 3

Gipuzkoan: eo 1, eun 2

High Navarrese: eo 1

Low Navarrese: eho 1, ehun 2

Lapurdian: eho 1, ehun 2, (arc) ehein 1

Zuberoan: eho 1, éhün 1, 2, 3

Roncalese: eo 1

Comments: *e=hu-n seems to be the oldest form (cf. PEC *=irχ_wVn), generally changed to e(h)o, possibly influenced by *eiho 'to grind' (q.v.).

Proto-Basque: *e=isa-n

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to be

Bizkaian: izan, ixan, (arc) izen

Gipuzkoan: izan

High Navarrese: izan

Low Navarrese: izan

Lapurdian: izan

Zuberoan: ízan

Roncalese: izan

Proto-Basque: *e=ka-n / *e=ko

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ascend, go up, climb

Bizkaian: igo, igon, igan, iyo

Gipuzkoan: igo, iyo

High Navarrese: igan, (Ulzama) ien

Low Navarrese: ikhan

Salazarese: igan

Lapurdian: ikhan, (arc) ikan

Zuberoan: igáñ

Roncalese: igan

Comments: Michelena (1961: 231-2) remarked on several verbs, including this one, in which voiced and voiceless consonants historically vary (here: /k/ vs. /g/). He thought these were traces of an ancient alternation, now leveled in most modern forms. Could this reflect old accentual patterns (cf. Verner’s Law)? The alternation of Bsq *-rd- / *-rt- < PSC lateral affricates (see Bsq *urde ‘pig’ / *urte ‘year’) was apparently conditioned by PSC accent.

Proto-Basque: *e=kar̄i

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 bring 2 bear fruit, produce; fruit 3 be resolved, decided 4 to allege 5 to give

Bizkaian: ekarri 1, 2, 5

Gipuzkoan: ekarri 1, 5

High Navarrese: ekarri 1, 4, (Ulzama) karri 1

Low Navarrese: ekharri 1

Lapurdian: ekharri 1

Baztanese: karri 1

Zuberoan: ekharri 1, 3

Roncalese: ekarri 1

Comments: Cf. PNC *=Hīq_V(r) 'to pull, take out; to drag, carry'.

Proto-Basque: *e=ken-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 take away, remove 2 remove oneself, leave 3 require, charge (a price)

Bizkaian: ken-du 1, 2, 3

Gipuzkoan: ken-du 1, 2, 3

High Navarrese: ken-du, (Ulzama) eken-du 1, 2, (Berrueta) gen-du 1, 2

Low Navarrese: khen-du 1, 2

Salazarese: gen-du 1, 2

Lapurdian: ken-du 1, 2

Baztanese: eken-du 1, 2

Aezkoan: eken-du 1, 2

Zuberoan: khén-tü 1, 2

Roncalese: gén-tu 1, 2

Comments: Cf. PNC *HVq_Vn- 'to take, snatch'.

Proto-Basque: *e=ku-śi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to see

Bizkaian: ikusi, ekusi, ekosi, ukusi

Gipuzkoan: ikusi, ekusi

High Navarrese: ikusi

Low Navarrese: ik(h)usi, (Baigorri) khusi, (Aldude) kusi, (arc) inkusi

Lapurdian: ikhusi

Baztanese: kusi

Zuberoan: ikhúsi

Roncalese: ekusi

Proto-Basque: *e=kusi

Meaning: to wash

Bizkaian: ikuzi, (Orozko) ukuzi

Gipuzkoan: ikuzi

High Navarrese: ikuzi

Low Navarrese: ikhuzi

Lapurdian: ikuzi

Zuberoan: ikhüzi, (Gèze) ükhüzi

Roncalese: ekuzi, ekuz

Comments: Compared by H. Berger (1959) with Burushaski *ɣurc- 'to sink (in water, earth), dive, immerse.'

Proto-Basque: *e=ɫhe

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 word, speech 2 bit of news, gossip, anecdote 3 dispute, quarrel

Gipuzkoan: ele 3

High Navarrese: ele 1

Low Navarrese: elhe 1

Lapurdian: elhe 1

Baztanese: ele 1, 2

Zuberoan: élhe 1

Roncalese: ele 1

Comments: Cf. PNC *lĕHwV 'word'.

Proto-Basque: *e=ɫhor̄i

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 thorn 2 spine (of chestnut) 3 hawthorn 4 hawthorn-place (place name)

Bizkaian: elorri 3

Gipuzkoan: elorri 3

High Navarrese: elorri 3

Low Navarrese: elhorri 3

Salazarese: illurri-tze 3

Lapurdian: elhorri 3

Baztanese: Elgorri-aga 4

Zuberoan: elhórri 1, 2

Roncalese: illurri 3

Comments: For NC ‘arrow' ~ Bsq 'thorn’ cf. Czech šíp ‘arrow’, šipek ‘dog-rose, hawthorn’, Rus. šip ‘thorn, prickle’; Telugu mulu, mullu ‘thorn, prick(le)’, etc.; muliki ‘arrow, arrowhead’, etc.

Proto-Basque: *e=ɫhu-r̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: snow

Araban: erur

Bizkaian: erur, edur, eur

Gipuzkoan: elur

High Navarrese: elur

Low Navarrese: elhur

Salazarese: elur

Lapurdian: elhur

Baztanese: elur

Aezkoan: elur

Zuberoan: élhür

Roncalese: elur

Comments: *-r̄ is the frequent fossilized plural or collective marker. BNV also has elhauso 'avalanche' < *eɫh(u-) + *Hauśo, (q.v., and e=auśi 'to fall'), shortened in ANV, BZT, SAL to lauso; also a full form in ZBR (arc) elhurauso.

Proto-Basque: *e=man

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to give

Bizkaian: emon, (Oñate) emun, (Bermeo) omon

Gipuzkoan: eman

High Navarrese: eman

Low Navarrese: eman, emon

Salazarese: emon

Lapurdian: eman

Baztanese: eman

Aezkoan: eman

Zuberoan: ẽ́mãn

Roncalese: emon

Comments: Cf. PY *pVn- 'to give'. PY *p can come from PSC *p, *b, or *m: in this case probably *m; cf. PY *pan- 'to sit' in relation to Bsq *e=men̄i 'to put'.

Proto-Basque: *e=meni

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to put, place, set

Araban: ifini

Bizkaian: imiñi, ipiñi, (arc) imeni, (arc) ifini, (arc) ibini

Gipuzkoan: ipini, ipiñi, (arc) ifeñi

High Navarrese: ipiñi, ipeiñi, ifiñi

Low Navarrese: imiñi

Salazarese: imiñi

Lapurdian: (arc) ibeni, (arc) ifeini

Comments: It is difficult to know which form is original, after various assimilations or dissimilations. External comparison supports *e=meni = BZK-arc imeni. In the North (BZT, ZBR, RNC) this verb is obsolete and has been supplanted by *e=sari (q.v.).

Proto-Basque: *e=ncu-n

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to hear 2 to smell (perceive odors) 3 famous, renowned 4 competent

Bizkaian: entzun 1, 2, 3

Gipuzkoan: entzun 1

High Navarrese: entzun 1

Low Navarrese: entzun 1, 2 (Baigorri)

Lapurdian: entzun 1

Zuberoan: é̃ntzün 1, 4

Roncalese: entzun 1

Comments: ̃

Proto-Basque: *e=o

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to hit, strike, beat

Bizkaian: jo

Gipuzkoan: jo

High Navarrese: jo

Low Navarrese: jo

Salazarese: xo

Lapurdian: jo

Zuberoan: jo

Roncalese: xo

Comments: Cf. PNC *=HiʁwE(r) 'to beat'.

Proto-Basque: *e=oHa-n

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to go

Bizkaian: joan, juan, fuan, fan

Gipuzkoan: joan, fan

High Navarrese: joan, goan, gan

Low Navarrese: juan

Salazarese: fan

Lapurdian: goan, gan

Baztanese: gan

Aezkoan: fan

Zuberoan: joan, juan, jun [žũn]

Roncalese: [xwan], fan, [šwan]

Comments: There are many localized developments of joan > [xwan] > [fan], etc. See Michelena (1961: 173). As pointed out by Jacobsen (1995) some northern dialects have forms with -h-: noha 'I am going', etc. Comparison with PNC *=iχ_wV 'to go, come, enter' is also possible.